Morphology Digest April 7, 1995 1995 - Issue 3
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Unsubscribe: email to morpho@cwi.nl with "unsubscribe" + email address
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Submissions: email to morpho@cwi.nl with "submit" as subject.
Archive site: FTP: ftp.cwi.nl - directory /pub/morphology/digest.
WWW: http://www.cwi.nl/ftp/morphology
Editor: Henk Heijmans
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CONTENTS:
1. Bibliography on random closed sets - Part 7
2. Summer school Poland: final CFP
3. European summer course
4. Book alerts
5. Forthcoming events
6. Recent literature
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1. Bibliography on random closed sets - Part 7
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From: ilia@cwi.nl (Ilya Molchanov)
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON RANDOM CLOSED SETS AND RELATED TOPICS
7. SOME APPLICATIONS
In October 1994 digest I announced bibliographies on different aspects
of random sets theory and related fields. Please, look at that
announcement to be aware of some generalities. You can find all
announced bibliographies in the directory "pub/morphology/bib" using
anonymous "ftp" to "ftp.cwi.nl". Additionally, PostScript files with
nicely prepared (and compressed) bibliographies with citation keys
included can be found in the directory "pub/morphology/bib/PostScript".
From now on all items will be supplied with short ANNOTE field. This
field will contain the name of bibliographies where the current item
appear. It will be possible to use these fields to sort entries and to
produce sub-bibliographies.
WHAT WILL YOU GET TODAY?
This part of the bibliography ("applic.bib") contains a mixed salad of
89 references related to applications of random sets, point processes,
spatial statistics etc. This part is by no means full, since I have not
undertaken special efforts to find out more references. Please, feel
free to point out to me further references!
The next part of the bibliography will be devoted to the theory of
geometric probabilities - very old and still fascinating part of
stochastic geometry.
Ilya Molchanov
CWI, Department BS Ph.: +31 20 592 4195
Kruislaan 413 Fax: +31 20 592 4199
NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam
The Netherlands
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2. Summer school Poland: final CFP
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From: henkh@cwi.nl (Henk Heijmans)
Final Call for Papers
Summer School on
MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
Zakopane, Poland, September 27-30, 1995
Supported by: BENEFIT for Stimulation and Support of East-West Collaboration
in the Areas of Microelectronics and Signal Processing
Organized by STU Gliwice, Poland
in cooperation with CWI Amsterdam, The Netherlands
See previous Morphology Digest (1995, Issue 2) for detailed information.
Paper submission
================
April 15, 1995: Submission of contribution (extended abstract or full paper)
May 30, 1995: Notification of acceptance
June 30, 1995: Camera ready paper due
Authors should submit three copies of their contribution to:
Mr Jaroslaw Smieja
Silesian Technical University, Dept. of Automatic Control,
Akademicka 16, 44 101 Gliwice
POLAND
The final paper should not be longer than six pages (A4 format).
Electronic submissions of abstracts prepared in ascii, tex or latex
which are self-contained (i.e., which do not use external macro-files)
will also be considered. Papers submitted by fax will not be
considered.
Registration fee and Accomodation
=================================
The (expected) registration fee for all participants is 150 ECU. This
includes proceedings, participation in lectures, and full accomodation
for three days. For a limited number of participants there will be the
possibility to get financial support.
LaTeX style file & Further Information
=======================================
To obtain LaTeX forms appropriate for the papers for the Summer
School on Morphological Image and Signal Processing an e-mail should
be send to
maiser@peach.ia.gliwice.edu.pl
with no subject and containing the following command:
SEND
The list of necessary files is presented below. In case of losing this
message this list can be obtained by writing to
maiser@peach.ia.gliwice.edu.pl
without any subject, the line:
INDEX
In case of any troubles please contact Mr Jaroslaw Smieja under
smieja@ia.gliwice.edu.pl
There should be four files as follows:
1) article.sty - file for LaTeX style "article" (should be in
anyone's LaTeX version - it's here just in case)
2) fleqn.sty - contains some necessary definitions for the previous
file (also it's only just in case - shoul be in
every LaTeX version)
3) espcrc2.sty - this is file containing the style for papers
4) espcrc2.tex - LaTeX file explaining all rules of writing the paper
in the required style
Warning!
Do not use espcrc2.tex without espcrc2.sty .
For further information please contact
Mr Jaroslaw Smieja
Silesian Technical University, Dept. of Automatic Control,
Akademicka 16, 44 101 Gliwice Poland,
fax: +48 32 37 11 65
e-mail: smieja@ia.gliwice.edu.pl
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3. European summer course
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From: noelle@tu-harburg.d400.de (Michael Noelle)
EUROPEAN SUMMER COURSE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
4-8 September 1995, Hamburg, Germany.
Organised by ESPRIT/BRA 7130 (NAT)
and hosted by the University of Technology of Hamburg-Harburg.
A course on 'Recent Advances in Image Processing' will be held in
the Department of Information and Communication Sciences at the
University of Technology Hamburg-Harburg on 4-8 September 1995
presented by instructors drawn from five European Universities
active in the field of image processing research as well as
practical sessions given by invited speakers from industry.
The course will be spread over five days and will include formal
lectures complemented by 'hands on' sessions, as well as a visit to
the Mikroelektronik Anwendungszentrum Hamburg (MAZ). Social events
will also be arranged in conjunction with the course, including a
Reception at the City Hall of Harburg. All attendees will be given
a comprehensive set of lecture notes.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND
The course will be of interest to engineers, software developers,
systems developers, research scientists and PhD students, involved in
image processing research and development.
Application areas may be as diverse as visual inspection, parallel
algorithms and systems and medical imaging. A basic knowledge of
standard image processing techniques would be an advantage.
Particular emphasis will be given to nonlinear techniques.
Topics will be drawn from:
* Neural networks * Fuzzy techniques
* Colour and Motion * Sensor fusion
* Stack filtering * Chaotic Systems
* Morphological Filtering * Median and order statistics
* Polynomial filters * Applications in speech,
* Pattern recognition image and image sequence
* Architectures processing.
* Parallel implemantation
Provision will be made for "HANDS ON" sessions.
Instructors will be provided from:
Prof I. Pitas, Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece,
Prof H. Burkhardt and
Dr Michael Noelle, Univ. of Technology Hamburg, Germany,
Prof G. Sicuranza and
Dr F. Russo, Univ. of Trieste, Italy,
Dr S. Marshall, Univ. of Strathclyde, UK,
Prof M. Gabbouj, Tampere Univ. of Technology, Finland.
Full details are available by EMAIL or WWW.
To register your interest please use the attached registration form
or send a note (preferably be email) with your name, address and email to:
Prof. Hans Burkhardt, Dept. of Technische Informatik I,
University of Technology of Hamburg-Harburg,
Harburger Schlossstr. 20,
21079 Hamburg,
GERMANY
email: nat@tu-harburg.d400.de
URL : http://www.ti1.tu-harburg.de/~nat/course95.html
The course has been endorsed by,
European Commission,
Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg,
Mikroelektronik Anwendungszentrum Hamburg (MAZ),
Parsytec Computer GmbH, Aachen,
INFORMATION
VENUE
The course will be held at the
University of Technology Hamburg-Harburg,
Harburger Schlossstr. 20.
FEES
Course fee: DM 1.200,- (incl. 15% VAT)
Reduced rate for students: DM 800,- (incl. 15% VAT).
The course fee includes lunches, coffee breakes; all lectures;
practical sessions; a copy of course notes; Course Dinner;
Welcome Reception at the City Hall of Harburg; a visit to the MAZ.
REGISTRATION
All participants are kindly requested to complete and return the
registration form to the TUHH-Technologie GmbH. An invoice will be
sent to each registered person.Cancellations must be received in
writing before August 4, 1995 (refund less DM 240,- incl. 15% VAT).
No refunds will be given after August 4, 1995.
PAYMENT
Payments should be made net of all bank charges and commission to
TUHH-Technologie GmbH.
Please indicate your company, name and address on any cheque or bank
transfer, keyword "NAT-summer course".
Cheque payable to
TUHH-Technologie GmbH
Bank Transfer to Vereins- und Westbank,
BLZ 200 300 00, Account: 16/449 88
All payments must arrive before August 4, 1995. Additional fee for late
payment DM 60,-- (incl. 15% VAT) per person. Any difference can be asked at
the check-in desk.
ACCOMMODATION
We have pre - reserved a block of rooms (special rates) in
Hotel Panorama (breakfast included)
Harburger Ring 8 - 10 single room DM 139,-
21073 Hamburg double room DM 170,-
Tel.: +49/40/76695-0 room-sharing/half
FAX: +49/40/76695183 double room DM 85,-
Please contact the hotel directly, keyword "NAT-summer course".
Deadline: August 4, 1995
REGISTRATION FORM
RECENT ADVANCES IN IMAGE PROCESSING
Last Name: ........................................
First Name: ........................................
Title: | | Prof. | | Dr. | | Mrs. | | Mr.
Company/
Organisation: ........................................
Job Title: ........................................
Street: ........................................
Post Code: ........................................
City: ........................................
Country: ........................................
Tel.No.: .............. Fax No.: ................
Email:
Date Signature
Registration fee DM 1.200,-
Reduced rate for students DM 800,- (copy of student card)
The course fee includes lunches; coffee breakes; all lectures;
practical sessions; a copy of course notes; Course Dinner;
a visit to the Mikroelektronik Anwendungszentrum Hamburg;
Welcome Reception at the City Hall of Harburg.
| | money order DM............
| | cheque (enclosed) DM............
All payments must arrive before August 4, 1995.
Additional fee for late payment DM 60,- per person.
Please send your registration to
TUHH-Technologie GmbH
Eissendorfer Str. 38
21073 Hamburg
Germany
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4. Book alerts
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: zam@ifn.ing.tu-bs.de (Dr.-Ing. Piero Zamperoni)
BOOK ALERTS:
R. Klette, P. Zamperoni:
"HANDBUCH DER OPERATOREN FUER DIE BILDBEARBEITUNG" -- in German
(Handbook of image processing operators)
Second, extended and improved edition, 383 pages
A source program disk can be ordered with an attached card
Vieweg Verlag, Wiesbaden, 1995, ISBN 3-528-16431-X
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Standard Operator Presentation Structure x
Often Used Variables xii
1 Pictures, Windows and Operators 1
1.1 Pictures 1
1.1.1 Discrete Picture Coordinates and Discrete Geometry 2
1.1.2 Discrete Picture Values and Functions of Picture Values 8
1.1.3 Color Pictures and Other Multichannel Pictures 13
1.2 Sub-Pictures 19
1.2.1 Windows 19
1.2.2 Windows on Pictures 22
1.3 Functions on Windows 25
1.3.1 Classes of Functions on Windows 25
1.3.2 Auxiliary Functions on Windows 27
1.3.3 Some Window Functions 32
1.4 Operators 35
1.4.1 Geometric Operators 36
1.4.2 Point Operators 37
1.4.3 Local Operators 38
1.4.4 Global Operators 40
1.5 Bibliographic References 41
2 Methodical Fundamentals 44
2.1 Picture Synthesis 45
2.2 Halftone Picture Representation 48
2.3 Geometric Fitting 51
2.4 Picture Restoration and Picture Enhancement 53
2.5 Picture Segmentation 55
2.6 Iconic Representation of Local Features 57
2.7 Extraction of Patterns 59
2.8 Iconic Representation of Geometric Relations 60
2.9 Special and Art Effects 61
2.10 Bibliographic References 63
3 Algorithmic Fundamentals 66
3.1 Algorithmic Efficiency 66
3.1.1 Estimation of Computing Time 67
3.1.2 Absolute and Asymptotic Evaluations 70
3.1.3 Decomposition of Homogeneous Local Operators 71
3.1.4 Updating Method for Local Operators 76
3.2 Picture Data 77
3.2.1 File Locations 77
3.2.2 Rewriting or Preserving the Original Pictures 79
3.2.3 Reading, Buffering and Writing into Memory 80
3.3 Control Structures 83
3.3.1 Local Operators (centered) 83
3.3.2 Local Operators (non-centered) 86
3.3.3 Point Operators 88
3.4 Procedures 89
3.4.1 Procedure RND_EQU 89
3.4.2 Procedure RND_NORM 90
3.4.3 Procedure MAXMIN 91
3.4.4 Procedure SELECT 92
3.4.5 Procedure QUICKSORT 94
3.4.6 Procedure BUBBLESORT 96
3.4.7 Procedure BUCKETSORT 96
3.4.8 Procedure FFT 98
3.4.9 Procedure FWT 100
3.4.10 Procedure BRESENHAM 102
3.5 Bibliographic References 104
4 Coordinate Transforms and Geometric Operators 107
4.1 One-to-One Coordinate Transforms 108
4.1.1 Picture Mirroring 110
4.1.2 Picture Shifting 111
4.1.3 90-degrees Picture Rotation 113
4.2 Demagnification and Magnification 114
4.2.1 Picture Demagnification onto a Quadrant 114
4.2.2 Picture Magnification by Scale Factor 2 117
4.2.3 Picture Pyramids 118
4.3 Affine Transforms 122
4.3.1 Products of Transformation Matrices 123
4.3.2 Computation of Transformation Matrices 126
4.3.3 Affine Picture Transforms 128
5 Gray Scale Transformations and Point Operators 132
5.1 Gray Scale Transformations 133
5.1.1 Gray Value Scaling in a Selected Region 133
5.1.2 Linear Stretching to the Full Gray Value Range 134
5.1.3 Variations of the Gray Scale Transformation 136
5.1.4 Equalization of Gray Value Histogram 138
5.2 Generation of Noisy Pictures 141
5.2.1 Generation of Spike Noise 141
5.2.2 Generation of Pictures with Additive Random Noise 142
5.3 Binarization of Gray Value Pictures 144
5.3.1 Binarization with Hysteresis 144
5.3.2 Recursive Binarization 147
5.3.3 Binarization Based on Discriminant Analysis 150
5.3.4 Halftoning by Means of a Threshold Matrix 153
5.4 Point-to-point Operations Between Pictures 155
5.4.1 Synthetic Background Compensation 155
5.4.2 Piece-wise Linear Background Subtraction 157
5.4.3 Some Operations with Two Pictures 160
5.5 Picture Segmentation by Multilevel Thresholding 164
5.5.1 Extraction of Constant Gray Value Lines 164
5.5.2 Thresholding by Extraction of the Histogram Extrema 165
5.5.3 Multilevel Thresholding for Unimodal Histograms 170
5.6 Multichannel Pictures 177
5.6.1 Basic Arithmetic Operations 177
5.6.2 Color Model Conversion 180
5.6.3 Pseudo-Coloring 182
6 Window Functions and Local Operators 186
6.1 Smoothing and Noise Reduction 186
6.1.1 Linear Convolution with User-defined Kernels 186
6.1.2 Smoothing with a Separable Unweighted Averaging Filter 190
6.1.3 Smoothing with a Separable Binomial Filter 194
6.1.4 Smoothing in a Selected Neighborhood 197
6.1.5 Adaptive Smoothing Based on Local Statistics 199
6.1.6 Smoothing by Adaptive Quantile Filtering 201
6.1.7 Elimination of Small Objects in Binary Pictures 205
6.1.8 Halftoning by Means of Error Distribution 207
6.2 Edge Extraction 209
6.2.1 One-Pixel-Edge Operator 209
6.2.2 Standard Edge Operators 210
6.2.3 Morphological Edge Operator 214
6.2.4 Edge Detection by Gaussian Filtering (LoG and DoG) 217
6.2.5 Deriche Edge Operator 224
6.2.6 Contra-harmonic Filter 230
6.3 Picture Sharpening and Texture Enhancement 232
6.3.1 Extremum Sharpening 232
6.3.2 Unsharp Masking and Space-Variant Binarization 236
6.3.3 Locally Adaptive Scaling for Detail Enhancement 239
6.3.4 Adaptive Contrast Enhancement at Edges 242
6.4 Region Growing and Picture Approximation 245
6.4.1 Agglomerative Region Growing Operator 245
6.4.2 Concavity-filling Operator for Gray Value Pictures 249
6.4.3 Mode Enhancement 253
6.5 Rank-order Filtering 257
6.5.1 Median Filtering and Non-linear Sharpening 257
6.5.2 Minimum and Maximum (Erosion and Dilation) 261
6.5.3 Rank Selection Filter 265
6.5.4 Max/min-median Filter for Picture Enhancement 266
6.5.5 Some Adaptive Variants of the Median Operator 269
6.5.6 General L-Filter in a 3 x 3 Window 273
6.5.7 Rank Selection Filter with Adaptive Window 274
6.5.8 Rank-order Transform (Contrast Stretching) 280
6.5.9 Anisotropy-Controlled Adaptive Rank-Order Filters 283
6.6 Line Filtering Operators 290
6.6.1 Line Extraction 290
6.6.2 Suppression of Line Patterns 293
7 Global Operators 296
7.1 Topological Operators 296
7.1.1 Connected Component Labeling 297
7.1.2 Thinning of Binary Pictures 301
7.1.3 Thinning of Gray Value Pictures 309
7.2 Geometrical Constructions 313
7.2.1 Contour Following For Binary Pictures 313
7.2.2 Delaunay Triangulation and Voronoi Diagram 322
7.2.3 Hough Transform for Straight Lines 330
7.3 Signal Analysis Operators 336
7.3.1 Fourier Transform 336
7.3.2 Inverse Fourier Transform for Filtering 339
7.3.3 Spectrum 342
7.3.4 Walsh Transform 344
Glossary 348
Index 374
|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|
P. Zamperoni:
"Image Enhancement" (tutorial), in:
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Vol. 92, 1995,
Edited by P.W. Hawkes, Academic Press, San Diego, ISBN 0-12-014734-3
pp. 1-77
CONTENTS
I. Outlining the task
II. Enhancement by means of gray-scale transformations
III. Enhancing the uniformity of homogeneous regions by smoothing
IV. Shading compensation
V. Local contrast enhancement
VI. Detail enhancement
VII. Line patterns enhancement
VIII. Enhancement of binary images
Refernces
|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|
Dr.-Ing. Piero Zamperoni
Institut fuer Nachrichtentechnik
Technische Universitaet Braunschweig
Schleinitzstrasse 23, D-38092 Braunschweig
Tel. +49 531 3912486 Fax: +49 531 3918218
E-mail: ZAM@IFN.ING.TU-BS.DE
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5. Forthcoming events
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 - 9 June 1995 Uppsala, Sweden
9th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis
9SCIA: fax: +46 18 553447; email: scia9@cb.uu.se
20 - 22 June 1995 Halkidiki, Greece
1995 IEEE Workshop on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing
Prof. Ioannis Pitas: tel: +30 31 996304; fax: +30 31 274868
email: pitas@vergina.eng.auth.gr
3 - 6 July 1995 Edinburgh, Scotland
Fifth International Conference on Image Processing and its Applications
IPA'95; tel: +44-71-3445478; fax: +44-71-497-3633;
email: conference@iee.org.uk
9 - 14 July 1995, San Diego (CA), USA
Vision Geometry IV
R. Melter: tel: (516) 287-8402; e-mail: rmelter@sunburn.liunet.edu
4 - 8 September 1995, Hamburg, Germany
European Summer Course on Recent Advances in Image Processing Techniques
Prof. Hans Burkhardt, email: nat@tu-harburg.d400.de
URL: http://www.ti1.tu-harburg.de/~nat/course95.html
6 - 8 September 1995 Prague, Czech Republic
6th International Conference "Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns"
Vaclav Hlavac: fax: +42 2 290159; email: caip95@vision.felk.cvut.cz
Info: anonymous ftp at NOVELL.FELK.CVUT.CZ in CAIP95
6 - 8 September, 1995, Fera Congress Center, Santorini, Greece
International Workshop on Stereoscopic and Three Dimensional Imaging
Serafim Efstratiadis, tel.: +30.31.996359, fax: +30.31.996342,
email: serafim@eng.auth.gr
13 - 15 September 1995, Sanremo, Italy
8th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing
L. De Floriani: email: iciap@dibe.unige.it
27 - 30 September 1995 Zakopane, Poland
Summer School on Morphological Image and Signal Processing
Mr Jaroslaw Smieja; fax: +48 32 37 11 65; e-mail: smieja@ia.gliwice.edu.pl
22 - 25 October 1995 Washington DC, USA
1995 2nd IEEE Internationall Conference on Image Processing (ICIP'95)
Orof.Bede Liu: tel: 609-258-4628; fax: 609-258-3745;
email: liu@ee.princeton.edu
Info: http://www.ee.princeton.edu/~icip95
16 - 19 September 1996 Lausanne, Switzerland
1996 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP'96)
Prof. Murat Kunt: tel: +41-21-693-2626; fax: +41-21-693-2603;
email: kunt@ltssun2.epfl.ch
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6. Recent literature
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@article{DougSand:95,
author = "E. R. Dougherty and F. Sand ",
title = "Representation of linear granulometric moments for deterministic
and random binary {E}uclidean images",
journal = "Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation",
year = "1995",
volume = "6",
number = "1",
pages = "69--79"
}
@article{LeaKell:89,
author = "S. M. Lea and L. A. Kellar",
title = "An algorithm to smooth and find objects in astronomical images",
journal = "Astron. J.",
year = "1989",
volume = "97",
number = "4",
pages = "1238--1246"
}
@article{LeaLyba:92,
author = "S. M. Lea and M. Lybanon",
title = "Finding mesoscale ocean structures with mathematical morphology",
journal = "Remote Sensing of the Environment",
year = "1992",
volume = "44",
pages = "25--33"
}
@article{LeaLyba:93,
author = "S. M. Lea and M. Lybanon",
title = "Automated boundary delineation in infrared ocean images",
journal = "IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing",
year = "1993",
volume = "31",
pages = "1256-1260"
}
@inproceedings{LybaLeaHime:94,
author = "M. Lybanon and S. M. Lea, and S. M. Himes",
title = "Segmentation of diverse image types using opening and closing",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 12th IAPR International Conference on
Pattern Recognition",
year = "1994",
volume = "{I}",
address = "Jerusalem",
pages = "347--351"
}
@article{OgniKubl:95,
author = "R. L. Ogniewicz and O. K{\"u}bler",
title = "Hierarchic {V}oronoi skeletons",
journal = "Pattern Recognition",
year = "1995",
volume = "28",
number = "3",
pages = "343--359"
}
@article{OverComeDelp:95,
author = "L. A. Overturf and M. L. Comer and E. J. Delp",
title = "Color image coding using morphological pyramid decomposition",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Image Processing",
year = "1995",
volume = "4",
number = "2",
pages = "177--185"
}
@article{ShihPu:95,
author = "F. Y. Shih and C. C. Pu",
title = "A skeletonization algorithm by maxima tracking on
{E}uclidean distance transform",
journal = "Pattern Recognition",
year = "1995",
volume = "28",
number = "3",
pages = "331--341"
}
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End of Morphology Digest
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